Substitutions

confectioners sugar

If you don't have:	Use:
Allspice (1 teaspoon)	½ teaspoon cinnamon plus ½ teaspoon ground cloves
Baking powder (1 teaspoon)	¼ teaspoon baking soda plus ½ teaspoon cream of tartar
Bread crumbs, dry (¼ cup)	¼ cup crushed cereal crumbs or crackers
Brown sugar (1 cup)	1 cup white sugar plus 2 tablespoons molasses
Buttermilk (1 cup)	1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough regular milk to make 1 cup (allow to stand 5 minutes)
Cajun Spice (1 tablespoon)	½ teaspoon white pepper, ½ teaspoon garlic powder, ½ teaspoon onion powder, ½ teaspoon ground red pepper, ½ teaspoon paprika, and ½ teaspoon black pepper
Chocolate, Unsweetened (1 ounce)	3 tablespoons cocoa plus 1 tablespoon butter or regular margarine or vegetable oil
Condensed Milk	Evaporated milk can be converted into condensed milk by adding sugar to it. For each cup of evaporated milk add about 1 and ¼ cups of sugar
Confectioner's Sugar	Finely grind ½ cup plus 1 and ½ tablespoons of granulated sugar with ¾ teaspoon cornstarch
Cornstarch (1 tablespoon)	2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
Egg (1 whole egg)	¼ cup egg substitute (examples include: Egg Beaters, Second Nature, Scramblers); check label for specific directions
	Reconstituted powdered eggs; follow package directions
	2 tablespoons flaxmeal (ground flaxseed with consistency of cornmeal) plus ⅛ teaspoon baking powder plus 3 tablespoons water for each egg (baking use only)
	2 tablespoons mayonnaise (suitable for use in cake batter). NOTE: If you type "mayonnaise cake recipe" into your favorite Internet search engine, you'll find several recipes for cakes made with mayonnaise and NO eggs. This may help you decide if this substitution will work for your cake.
	½ teaspoon baking powder plus 1 tablespoon vinegar plus 1 tablespoon liquid (for baking use only)
Pancake syrup	½ cup brown sugar plus 1 ½ cup water plus 2 ½ teaspoons cornstarch. Cook until slightly thickened.
Sugar (1 cup)	¾ cup honey (reduce liquid in recipe by ¼ cup) or 1 cup packed brown sugar
Tomato juice (1 cup)	½ cup tomato sauce plus ½ cup water
Tomato sauce (15-oz. can)	6-oz. can tomato paste plus 1 cup water

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If you're using	Make it healthier with
Bread Crumbs	Oats or finely ground fiber-rich non-sweetened cereal
Cream	Evaporated skim milk
Cream cheese (regular)	Low-fat cottage cheese pureed until smooth or low-fat cream cheese
1 Whole Egg	¼ cup egg substitute or two egg whites
All-purpose flour in baked goods	Replace half the all-purpose flour with whole-wheat flour
Iceberg lettuce	Romaine, endive or other dark-green leafy lettuce and include baby spinach leaves
Macaroni and cheese	Cooked chopped cauliflower added
Mashed potatoes	Cooked and mashed cauliflower added
Oil, butter or other shortening in baked goods	Unsweetened applesauce, mashed bananas or fruit puree
Sour cream	Low-fat or nonfat yogurt

Sources: University of Minnesota Cooperative Extension,
Ohio State University Extension, Orson Gygi Company