Tips
from the Farm Kitchen
Substitutions





If you don't have: Use:
Allspice (1 teaspoon) ½ teaspoon cinnamon plus ½ teaspoon ground cloves
Baking powder (1 teaspoon) ¼ teaspoon baking soda plus ½ teaspoon cream of tartar
Bread crumbs, dry (¼ cup) ¼ cup crushed cereal crumbs or crackers
Brown sugar (1 cup) 1 cup white sugar plus 2 tablespoons molasses
Buttermilk (1 cup) 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough regular milk to make 1 cup (allow to stand 5 minutes)
Cajun Spice (1 tablespoon) ½ teaspoon white pepper, ½ teaspoon garlic powder, ½ teaspoon onion powder, ½ teaspoon ground red pepper, ½ teaspoon paprika, and ½ teaspoon black pepper
Chocolate, Unsweetened (1 ounce) 3 tablespoons cocoa plus 1 tablespoon butter or regular margarine or vegetable oil
Confectioner's Sugar Finely grind ½ cup plus 1 and ½ tablespoons of granulated sugar with ¾ teaspoon cornstarch
Cornstarch (1 tablespoon) 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
Egg (1 whole egg) ¼ cup egg substitute (examples include: Egg Beaters, Second Nature, Scramblers); check label for specific directions
Reconstituted powdered eggs; follow package directions
2 tablespoons flaxmeal (ground flaxseed with consistency of cornmeal) plus ⅛ teaspoon baking powder plus 3 tablespoons water for each egg (baking use only)
2 tablespoons mayonnaise (suitable for use in cake batter). NOTE: If you type "mayonnaise cake recipe" into your favorite Internet search engine, you'll find several recipes for cakes made with mayonnaise and NO eggs. This may help you decide if this substitution will work for your cake.
½ teaspoon baking powder plus 1 tablespoon vinegar plus 1 tablespoon liquid (for baking use only)
Pancake syrup ½ cup brown sugar plus 1 ½ cup water plus 2 ½ teaspoons cornstarch. Cook until slightly thickened.
Sugar (1 cup) ¾ cup honey (reduce liquid in recipe by ¼ cup) or 1 cup packed brown sugar
Tomato juice (1 cup) ½ cup tomato sauce plus ½ cup water
Tomato sauce (15-oz. can) 6-oz. can tomato paste plus 1 cup water

Source: University of Minnesota Cooperative Extension

The Food Substitutions Bible
The Food Substitutions Bible


Brown Sugar
Brown Sugar

The Complete Idiot's Guide to Cooking Substitutions
The Complete Idiot's Guide to Cooking Substitutions

Mom's Best Crowd-Pleasers
Mom's Best Crowd-Pleasers

Farm Produce
Farm Produce
Direct from the Grower


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