Heres How To... Grow Mushrooms at Farmers Market Online

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Here's How To...

Grow Mushrooms

Sarah Workman loves mushrooms, so much so that she grows them on her property in Georgia. She uses the homegrown fungi in recipes, sells them at local farmers markets and pays her property taxes with the profits.

A forest ecologist with the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Workman shares her mushroom knowledge at workshops and classes.

Warm Strains Best
For temperate climates like Georgia's, Workman recommends backyard mushroom growers use warm weather strains of starter.

"The inoculation material is usually a mixture of sterilized saw dust or other fiber substance and a liquid culture of the specific fungus," she said.

The material costs $25 to $50 for small amounts and can be ordered from various sites online.

Three Growing Mediums

Mushrooms grow in three basic mediums: wood, soil and dung. For growing shiitake mushrooms, Workman recommends using wood as the growing base. Most sources recommend oaks, but sweet gum, elm and other hardwood trees also work.

"Trees used for mushroom culture should be cut in the winter before the sap rises. If the tree has budded, it's too late to use it."

Start with 5 to 20 Logs

Logs used for mushroom growing should be easy to move and small, say 8 inches in diameter and 2 to 4 feet long.

Beginning mushroom growers should start with 5 to 20 logs. To insure success, the logs should be inoculated as soon as possible, or within a month from the time they are cut.

"Lay the logs on a tarp if you can't immediately inoculate them. You don't want to lay them on the soil and give insects or other fungi an opportunity to enter the logs."

Select trees with few low branches and avoid any with broken or rotten limbs. Treat the logs with care. Injured areas could become points for diseases or competing fungi to enter the logs.

Insert Starter into Holes

To inoculate the logs, drill holes three-eighths of an inch deep every 6 inches using an alternating pattern.

Insert the inoculants material and cover the holes with melted wax. Stack the logs in a log cabin arrangement or slant them in inverted-V rows. Workman places hers three to four logs high in a crisscross pattern on a concrete block base.

Label the logs with the year and the innoculum type.

Water Well and Often

Keep the logs well irrigated for 4-6 months. Workman typically waters 10 minutes in the morning and 10 minutes in the evening every day. Water needs will vary depending on rain.

"If it rains, don't irrigate the logs as they shouldn't be overwatered. If the logs aren't watered enough, the mushrooms will crack or just not produce."

A white coloring under the bark or on the ends of the logs is a sign that fungus is actively growing inside the wood.

To initiate a fruiting cycle, soak the logs overnight then restack them. In two or three days, "little buttons" should emerge and begin to expand.

Most logs should produce mushrooms for about five years.

Growing Mushrooms in the Willamette Valley

Harvest in Spring and Fall

Mushrooms will emerge from the inoculated logs in the spring and fall, usually best when the days reach 75 to 80 degrees and the nights are above 60 degrees. The logs will likely not produce much during the summer, but will come back and continue to produce mushrooms through the fall.

Moisture, temperature and day length governs how much fruit is produced, and how many mushrooms you will have to use or sell.

Source: University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

How to Grow Oyster Mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms are a high yield, fast growing crop. They are known to help lower cholesterol levels and are a great source of potassium, iron and protein. This "instructables" article provides a low tech, step by step guide to growing both pleurotus ostreatus (winter strain) and pleurotus pulmonarius (summer strain). Click here.

Mushroom Resources